What Is Electrical Engineering?
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
Electrical engineering deals with the technology of electricity. A relative newcomer to the wider engineering field, it emerged in the late 19th century with world-changing innovations like the electrical lightbulb, the induction motor, and the radio.
Electrical engineering shapes modern life as we know it, playing a crucial role in power generation, infrastructure, computing, medical technology, telecommunication, and transportation.
What Do Electrical Engineers Do?
Electrical engineers design, develop, build, and test all kinds of electronic equipment.
Consider the electrical systems that help keep airplanes in the sky, power your city, and make it possible for you to send text messages: All of those modern wonders were made possible in part by electrical engineers.
Get your Master's in Computer Engineering Online from Purdue
Learn More about Purdue University's Online Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering program
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) breaks the typical duties of an electrical engineer into four primary tasks:
-
Design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve existing products -
Develop manufacturing, construction, and installation standards -
Direct the manufacturing, installation, and testing of electrical equipment -
Manage the production of electrical projects to ensure work is completed well, on time, and under budget
Stellar Jackson is an electrical engineer working at a hydropower company. "I spend my days designing, maintaining, and optimizing electrical systems related to hydropower generation," he said.
"This involves analyzing power distribution networks, designing control systems for turbines and generators, and ensuring compliance with safety and regulatory standards."
Electrical Engineering Specializations
Electrical engineers usually need at least a bachelor's degree for entry into the field.
Engineers interested in the highest-paid, most specialized roles often go on to get a master's degree in electrical engineering as well. Where you work as an electrical engineer and what you work on is largely determined by your area of specialization.
Graduates with a degree in electrical engineering are in demand throughout the workforce, and they often get their pick of cool projects and interesting industries, depending on their specialization.
Electrical engineering programs may offer the following specializations.
Electrical Engineering Specializations
Computer engineering
Integrates hardware and software to design and develop computer systems and technologies.
Automatic control
Focuses on using control theory and algorithms to build systems that automatically regulate and manage processes.
Communication, networking, and signal processing
Focuses on developing and maintaining systems that facilitate data transmission, information exchange, and connectivity.
Power and energy systems
Focuses on electrical power generation, distribution, and utilization systems.
Microelectronics and nanotechnology
Focuses on creating electronic technologies at the micro- and nanoscale.
Fields and optics
Focuses on using electromagnetic fields, optical systems, and wave propagation to develop new technologies.
VLSI and circuit design
Focuses on developing integrated circuits that use massive numbers of transistors.
Electrical Engineering Salaries and Job Outlook
It's a good time to consider becoming an electrical engineer: The money is good and the job growth is steady.
"In terms of financial and job security, careers in electrical engineering — particularly in the field of renewable energy, like hydropower — often provide good opportunities for stable employment and competitive salaries," said Jackson.
According to the BLS, the median annual salary for an electrical engineer was $104,610 in 2022 — more than twice the median yearly wage for all workers in the U.S. ($46,310). Top earners in the field brought in more than $171,430 a year.
| Industry | Median Annual Salary (2022) |
|---|---|
| Research and development | $128,520 |
| Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing | $123,390 |
| Instruments manufacturing | $108,080 |
| Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution | $104,990 |
| Engineering services | $99,470 |
"On top of that, the demand for skilled engineers in the renewable energy sector is expected to grow as societies shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources," Jackson explained.
He's right: Jobs for electrical engineers are projected to grow by 4% between 2022 and 2032.
Get your Master's in Computer Engineering Online from Purdue
Learn More about Purdue University's Online Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering program
Frequently Asked Questions About Electrical Engineering
Is Electrical Engineering Hard?
Electrical engineering may better be described as "intensive" rather than "hard."
As a student in this field, you'll need to absorb a continuous flow of new information, grasp unfamiliar concepts and complex mathematical principles, and apply your knowledge to help solve real-world problems.
How Do I Become An Electrical Engineer?
Electrical engineers must typically have at least a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or a related field. Engineers who want to further improve their job prospects and earning potential may choose to earn a master's degree.
"For undergraduate students considering electrical engineering as a major or career path, my advice would be to gain a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering principles," said Jackson.
"Seeking internships or co-op opportunities in the renewable energy sector can also be beneficial for gaining practical experience and networking with professionals in the field. Additionally, staying updated on advancements in renewable energy technologies, pursuing continuing education, and earning professional certifications can help position you for success in the industry."
What Is the Best Electrical Engineering Program?
The best electrical engineering program for you depends on your academic and career goals. However, based on several factors identified by students as being important (including affordability and student outcomes), BestColleges ranks the online electrical engineering bachelor's programs offered by the following schools among the best:
- Stony Brook University
- University of North Dakota
- Florida International University
- Washington State University
- Arizona State University
