Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence Program Guide

Jennifer Lee
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Updated on July 1, 2024
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Learn everything you need to know about getting a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence from what to expect and what you need to get in.

Portions of the following article were drafted using an in-house natural language generation platform. The article was then reviewed, fact-checked, and edited by multiple members of our editorial team prior to publishing.


Considering a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence (AI)? You’re not alone. With AI revolutionizing everything from healthcare to finance, the demand for advanced AI expertise has never been higher.

In this guide, we’ll dive into what a Ph.D. in AI offers students, the job market for graduates, and how to determine whether this degree is the right fit for you.

Ph.D. in AI vs. Ph.D. in Machine Learning: Which Is Better?

AI is a broad field, encompassing everything from speech recognition to problem-solving. Machine learning is a subset of AI that specifically focuses on teaching computers to learn from data.

Both a Ph.D. in AI and a Ph.D. in machine learning offer promising opportunities. The choice between the two depends on your career goals and interests. If you’re interested in developing a broader understanding of AI, a Ph.D. in AI may be a better fit. If you’re more interested in the use of algorithms and statistical models, a Ph.D. in machine learning might be the way to go.

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What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence?

With a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence, you can explore a variety of diverse and fulfilling career paths across tech, business, and academia.

The types of roles available for professionals with a doctorate in AI reflect the growing importance of AI. Industries with the highest demand include technology companies, automotive manufacturers, and the healthcare, finance, and defense sectors. AI positions are competitive and command high salaries, many of them averaging over $100,000 per year. According to Payscale, graduates with a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence have an average salary of $115,000 as of June 2024.

The demand for skilled professionals in these areas is expected to continue rising as AI technologies become even more integrated into people’s daily lives and business processes.

Popular Career Paths and Salaries
JobsResponsibilitiesAverage Base Salary (as of June 2024)
Robotics EngineerDesign, build, and maintain robotic systems, integrate AI algorithms into robots, and ensure systems operate efficiently$93,380
Data ScientistAnalyze large datasets to extract insights, build predictive models, and communicate findings to stakeholders$100,530
Machine Learning EngineerDevelop and implement machine learning models and algorithms, optimize models for performance, and deploy models into production$118,540
Computer Vision EngineerDevelop systems that can process, analyze, and interpret visual data and implement image and video analysis algorithms$118,860
Source: Payscale
Other AI-Related Career Paths and Salaries
JobsResponsibilitiesMedian Salary (2023)
Operations ManagerOversee the operational aspects of deploying AI systems, manage AI infrastructure, and ensure the smooth operation of AI initiatives$103,840
Sales EngineerSupport the sales process by demonstrating AI solutions to potential clients, providing technical expertise, and customizing solutions to meet client needs$116,950
Software Developer and Quality Assurance SpecialistDevelop software applications supporting AI technologies, integrate AI into workflow$130,160
Computer and Information Research ScientistConduct cutting-edge research, publish findings in academic journals, and develop new algorithms and models$145,080
Source: BLS

What Can You Expect From a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence?

Programs often include courses such as machine learning, natural language processing, and ethical AI, as well as interdisciplinary electives from related fields such as computer science, engineering, and mathematics.

In addition to coursework, programs may have research rotations in various labs to help you identify a dissertation mentor and project. Most Ph.D. programs require you to complete original research in AI and write a dissertation about it.

What Do You Learn in an Artificial Intelligence Ph.D. Program?

Artificial intelligence programs cover a wide range of subjects. Here are some of the core subjects you’ll encounter:

Machine Learning

This course covers both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of machine learning. Specific topics typically include statistical learning theory, optimization algorithms, Bayesian learning, advanced deep learning techniques, dimensionality reduction, generative models, and reinforcement learning.

Data Analysis

In this course, students learn to capture new forms of digital data and apply computational analysis techniques from data science and AI. Students are expected to master analytical techniques such as descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics.

Robotics

In robotics, you’ll focus on actuation, manipulation, dynamics, control, social and ethical issues, and human-robot interaction. You’ll also explore specialized areas like marine robotics, agricultural robotics, soft robotics, healthcare robotics, social interaction robotics, and advanced manufacturing.

Computer Vision

Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates concepts such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, and object detection. Students can expect to conduct advanced research and study in technologies and algorithms that enable machines to interpret and understand visual data.

Cognitive Computing

Cognitive computing uses computerized models to simulate human thought processes. This course can be particularly useful to prepare you to work in industries like healthcare, banking, finance, and retail.

How Do You Get Into an Artificial Intelligence Ph.D. Program?

Let’s walk through the prerequisites, the costs associated, and the funding opportunities available for prospective Ph.D. in AI students.

Prerequisites

To apply for a Ph.D. in AI, you’ll need the following:

  • An undergraduate degree in computer science, mathematics, statistics, or a related field
  • Strong research skills and the ability to work independently
  • Required application materials
  • GRE scores, though some schools may waive this requirement
  • International students may also need proof of English language proficiency, such as TOEFL scores

Cost

The cost of a Ph.D. in AI varies greatly depending on the university and the program. On average, graduate students pay between $20,000 and $45,000 per year in tuition fees, but many universities offer tuition waivers or assistantships to Ph.D. students, which can cover some or all of the tuition costs in exchange for teaching or research duties.

Funding Opportunities

There are several funding opportunities available for students pursuing a Ph.D. in AI. Availability can depend on where you live and the schools you apply for, but in general, you can start by looking at the fellowships, scholarships, and assistantships offered by the school and program. You can also research government grants and scholarships, such as the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program.

The tech industry has its own pool of fellowships to choose from, such as the Google Ph.D. Fellowship, the Microsoft Research Ph.D. Fellowship, and the Facebook Fellowship Program. If you plan to work while studying, check with your employers to see if they will fund all or part of the tuition. Always keep track of deadlines and apply for as many opportunities as possible.

Is a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence Worth It?

Pursuing a Ph.D. in AI can help you become an expert in the field, giving you the ability to tackle complex problems and develop cutting-edge technologies. You’ll find career opportunities across academia, research, and the tech industry, potentially offering you higher salaries and better job prospects.

However, getting a doctorate does require a significant time commitment. If you choose not to work while earning your degree, you’ll be spending a lot of time outside the workforce, researching instead of gaining hands-on industry experience. Additionally, the evolving nature of AI may render some research quickly outdated, and the pressure to produce impactful results can be high.

Frequently Asked Questions About a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence

A Ph.D. in AI typically takes 4-6 years to complete. This includes coursework, time spent conducting independent research, and writing and defending your dissertation. The length of the program can be influenced by several factors, including your research progress, whether you study full-time or part-time, and the specific requirements of your university and program.

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