What Is Computer Science?
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
Editor & Writer
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Portions of the following article were drafted using an in-house natural language generation platform. The article was then reviewed, fact-checked, and edited by multiple members of our editorial team prior to publishing.
Computer science is the study of computers and computing. It focuses mainly on software but includes hardware as well. Those who study computer science learn about data structures, algorithms, network design, information processes, and artificial intelligence.
Professional computer scientists use their knowledge to solve complex problems such as how to make self-driving cars safe or how to teach a robot to complete tasks on its own. They create new software systems to improve existing technologies or invent new tech that can help make people's lives easier.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that there were 36,500 computer and information research scientists employed in May 2022, with employment in this field projected to grow 23% from 2022-2032.
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What Skills Do Computer Scientists Need?
Succeeding in the computer science field requires a blend of both hard and soft skills. Computer scientists must have strong technical abilities, like know-how around data interpretation, software creation, math, technical composition, and, of course, coding.
The programming languages a computer scientist must be familiar with depends on their specific field and position. Common languages include C#, C++, Java, and Python.
Professionals who thrive as computer scientists can also benefit from interpersonal skills, including attention to detail, originality, effective communication, time management, collaboration, analytical thinking, and instructional abilities.
How Is Computer Science Different from IT?
Computer science and information technology (IT) are distinct disciplines, and knowing their differences can inform your choice between the two if you're considering both.
Computer science revolves around the conception, development, and theoretical comprehension of computer systems and software. It's a field steeped in mathematics and engineering. Professionals code new algorithms, study the functioning of computers, and craft software to tackle complex challenges.
On the flip side, IT is centered on the practical usage of technology, typically within an organization. IT specialists focus on choosing, initiating, preserving, and managing tech solutions to back up business operations. They are responsible for troubleshooting problems with employees' company-provided computers and upholding virtual security measures.
Even though both fields demand a strong grasp of computers and technology, computer science tends to lean towards more technical and theoretical aspects, while IT is more practical.
What Is the Job Demand and Salary for Computer Science?
There are many computer science jobs, from computer scientist to computer programmer to web developer. The job outlook for computer science careers varies quite a bit depending on which position you're looking at.
According to the BLS, jobs for computer programmers are projected to fall 11% from 2022-2032. The projected decline is mainly due to U.S. companies hiring remote programmers from overseas. On the other end of the spectrum, the BLS projects that demand for information security analysts will increase by 32% from 2022-2023.
In 2022, median salaries for computer science jobs ranged from $80,730 for web developers to $164,070 for computer and information systems managers.
5 Popular Computer Science Jobs
Computer and Information Systems Managers
Computer and information systems managers plan and manage computer-based activities within an organization. They examine the company's technology needs and recommend upgrades as needed. Computer and information systems managers usually must have a bachelor's in computer science or a related degree and five or more years of experience.
Median Annual Salary (2022)
$164,070
Projected Job Growth (2022-2032)
15%
Computer and Information Research Scientists
Computer and information research scientists usually must have a master's degree. They study computing problems and develop theories and models to help solve those issues. They decide what computer systems are needed, create new software systems and computer languages, and conduct experiments in computer science.
Median Annual Salary (2022)
$136,620
Projected Job Growth (2022-2032)
23%
Computer Network Architects
Computer network architects generally must possess a bachelor's degree and at least five years of experience in a related job. They create network plans and present them to management for approval. They upgrade routers, network drivers, and other network hardware and software as needed. They also research new network technologies and decide when to upgrade.
Median Annual Salary (2022)
$126,900
Projected Job Growth (2022-2032)
4%
Software Developers
Software developers create computer applications that perform specific tasks and the operating systems that run those applications. They plan out software and draw diagrams that computer programmers follow when writing the code. Most software development jobs require a bachelor's degree in computer science or a related discipline.
Median Annual Salary (2022)
$124,200
Projected Job Growth (2022-2032)
25%
Information Security Analysts
Information security analysts plan and implement security measures to keep an organization's computers safe from hackers and other threats. They watch for security breaches and, when one occurs, try to find the source. They install data encryption programs, firewalls, and other security measures to protect the system. Information security analysts typically must have a bachelor's degree and 1-4 years of experience.
Median Annual Salary (2022)
$112,000
Projected Job Growth (2022-2032)
32%
How Do I Get into Computer Science?
Many computer science careers require a bachelor's degree in computer science, computer programming, information technology, or another related field. However, sometimes you can get an entry-level computer science job by gaining the necessary skills in another way, such as by attending a coding bootcamp or taking online courses.
IT certifications such as CompTIA A+, Cisco certified network associate (CCNA), Microsoft certifications, and Amazon Web Services cloud practitioner can give you an edge when applying for certain jobs. CompTIA certification may be required when applying for a job in network security, for example. Many bootcamps and degree programs prepare students for the tests required to earn these certifications.
Bootcamp programs typically take only a few months to complete and cost much less than a four-year college degree. You can take bootcamps in web development, software development, data science, UX/UI design, or even artificial intelligence. These programs give you the skills you need to qualify for an entry-level job in computer science. Keep in mind, however, that you may need a computer science degree to move further up the career ladder.
Specializations in Computer Science
Specializations in computer science are designed to cater to specific interests and career goals within the field. Some of the most common specializations include:
- Artificial Intelligence
- Data Science
- Foundations
- Game Development
- Programming Languages
- Security
- Software Engineering
Each specialization focuses on a different aspect of computer science, ranging from the study of algorithms and machine learning in AI to game programming and design in game development.
These specializations allow students to acquire in-depth knowledge and skills in a particular area, making them attractive candidates for industries seeking specialized expertise.
The Future of Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
One of the biggest trends in computer science today is artificial intelligence (AI). AI revolves around making computers copy human thought processes. As AI increases in popularity, more jobs will be available for AI professionals. AI is being used to develop more secure systems to protect against cyberattacks, automate repetitive tasks, optimize server processes, and improve quality assurance by automatically correcting errors in software and applications.
AI's role in computer science is expansive, impacting areas like data processing and analysis. AI algorithms, including machine learning, are used to extract meaningful information from large datasets, enabling intelligent decision-making and problem-solving. The integration of AI in computer science education can also enhance the learning experience by incorporating advancements like virtual reality and augmented reality.
Edge Computing
Edge computing is a type of computer science that focuses on keeping data processing as close to the user as possible. Unlike cloud computing, which stores data far from the user, edge computing keeps it close to minimize the time needed for the system to access the data. Edge computing specialists work in many industries, especially telecommunications, oil and gas, and security.
Quantum Computing
Unlike regular computing, which uses bits as the basic unit for measuring data, quantum computing uses quantum bits, also called qubits. Using such small units allows quantum computers to run calculations much more quickly. Jobs like quantum computer architect and quantum software developer will likely become more common in the future as the quantum computing industry evolves.
Robotics
Robotics professionals develop robots that make life easier for humans. This field combines mechanical and electrical engineering with computer science and artificial intelligence. People use robots to improve efficiency in manufacturing, perform complex surgeries, and defuse bombs. Jobs in robotics include robotics engineer, data scientist, algorithm engineer, and robotics research scientist.
Frequently Asked Questions About Computer Science Careers
How hard is computer science?
Computer science can be challenging due to its heavy reliance on mathematics and the need for strong problem-solving skills in programming. To succeed in the field, computer scientists must be dedicated and commit a significant amount of time to studying and completing projects. However, with the right approach and resources, anyone can thrive in a computer science program or in the profession.
How many years does it take to study computer science?
Typically, an associate degree in computer science requires two years of study, while a bachelor's degree takes four years. If you pursue a master's degree, expect to study for an additional 18 months to two years. A doctoral degree can take an extra 4-5 years to complete.
Is computer science all about coding?
Computer science is more than coding; it includes an understanding of a wide range of topics like algorithms, data structures, artificial intelligence, systems, networks, and software design. While programming is essential, the field also prepares professionals for roles in technical leadership and product management.
What are the highest-paying jobs in computer science?
Information systems managers are some of the highest-earning professionals in the field, earning a median annual wage of $164,070 in 2022, according to the BLS. The same year, computer and information research scientists earned a median salary of $136,620, and computer network architects earned $126,900.
Computer and information research scientists generally must have a master's degree. In contrast, computer and information systems managers and computer network architects typically must possess a bachelor's degree and about five years of computer science experience.
